Medication administration for pets can be a challenging task for even the most dedicated pet parent. Whether it’s routine preventative treatments or medication for an illness, ensuring your furry family member receives the correct dosage in the right way is crucial for their health and wellbeing. This guide provides South African pet owners with practical, science-backed information on how to safely and effectively administer various medications to dogs, cats, and other companion animals.
Understanding Different Medication Types
Oral Medications
Oral medications come in various forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable treats. Each requires a different approach:
- Tablets and Capsules: Often the most challenging to administer, especially to cats. Many can be hidden in a small amount of high-value food like boerewors, biltong, droëwors, or pet-specific treats available at South African pet shops and veterinary practices. Mieliepap mixed with gravy is another excellent local option. Always check with your veterinarian whether the medication can be given with food.
- Liquid Medications: Administered using a syringe or dropper. They’re often flavoured, but may still be rejected. Many vets in South Africa now offer flavouring services to improve taste.
- Chewable Medications: Designed to be palatable and often the easiest to administer. Popular brands include Bravecto, Nexgard, Milbemax, Simparica, and Credelio.
Topical Medications
These are applied directly to the skin or coat:
- Spot-on Treatments: Common for flea and tick control, applied to the skin between the shoulder blades. Brands include Frontline, Advantix, Bravecto Spot-On, and Bob Martin.
- Creams and Ointments: Used for skin conditions and may need to be covered to prevent licking.
- Dips: More commonly used in South Africa for treating ticks, especially in rural areas. Products like Bayticol and Tactik are used under veterinary guidance.
Injectable Medications
Usually administered by veterinarians. Pet owners with diabetic pets may need to give injections at home after proper training. Insulin brands like Caninsulin are available in South Africa.
Science-Based Techniques for Medication Administration
For Dogs
- The Food Method: Hide pills in high-value food. Use three small treats: one plain, one with medication, then another plain.
- The Direct Method: Tilt the dog’s head back, open the mouth, place the pill at the back of the tongue, close the mouth and stroke the throat.
For Cats
- Pill Administration: Wrap the cat in a towel to prevent scratching. Tilt head back, open the mouth, place the pill far back, then close the mouth and blow gently on the nose.
- Liquid Administration: Use a dropper directed at the pouch between the teeth and cheek. Administer slowly and at room temperature.
Special Considerations for South African Pet Owners
Climate Factors
- Hot Coastal Areas: Store medications properly during summer and load shedding.
- Dry Inland Regions: Monitor water intake and avoid dehydration.
- Seasonal Variations: Maintain parasite control treatments year-round.
Indigenous Species Considerations
- South African pets face unique risks such as biliary, venomous snakes, and toxic plants. Know emergency treatment options and keep essentials like activated charcoal if recommended by a vet.
Regulatory Information
- Prescription medications must be obtained from veterinarians. Stock theft meds and some imports require special permits.
Troubleshooting Common Challenges
When Your Pet Refuses Medication
- Compounding Options: Reformulate meds into flavoured liquids or gels.
- Pill Administering Devices: Available at most pet shops and vets.
- Behaviour Modification: Use positive reinforcement and treats.
Managing Medication During Load Shedding
- Use thermometers, cooler boxes, and check the EskomSePush app for schedules. Plan ahead and store medications properly.
Administering Medication to Specific South African Breeds
- Boerboels: Use high-value foods like boerewors or steak to hide medication.
- Africanis: Build trust and use pap with wors.
- Township Dogs: May be suspicious of new foods. Use familiar local treats like biltong.
Cultural and Traditional Considerations
Some communities use traditional remedies. Always consult a vet to avoid harmful interactions with prescribed meds.
When to Seek Professional Help
Contact your vet if:
- Your pet vomits after medication
- Shows allergic reactions
- Refuses critical meds
- You struggle to administer doses
Some practices offer in-clinic or mobile medication administration services.
Resources for South African Pet Owners
- South African Veterinary Association (SAVA)
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital
- University of Pretoria’s Faculty of Veterinary Science
- MediPet, Hollard, and OnePlan pet insurance
- Community Veterinary Clinics, SPCA, and Animal Anti-Cruelty League
- Companion Animal Health Facebook Group
Common South African Pet Medications and Tips
Parasite Control
- Bravecto, Nexgard, Bob Martin, Seresto Collars – Use local food tricks like boerewors or biltong to help with administration.
Common Medicines
- Rimadyl/Carprofen: Often needed for large breeds with arthritis.
- Convenia: Injectable antibiotic lasting 2 weeks.
- Deworming: Brands like Drontal or Milbemax can be hidden in local treats.
Successful pet medication administration in South Africa requires a blend of knowledge, patience, and local adaptation. Whether it’s hiding a pill in boerewors or keeping meds cool during load shedding, you can ensure your pet’s health with the right approach.